Designing customer brand Engagement Model with grounded theory approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Science & Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor of Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Science & Economics, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor of Department of Business Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Customer Brand Engagement can boost loyalty and increase brand revenues. Therefore, it is necessary to identify factors affecting customer brand engagement (CBE). The purpose of this research is to utilize a qualitative approach with Emerging design of the grounded theory strategy to design Customer Brand Engagement model. In order to analyze the data, three-step coding (open, selective and theoretical coding) used. Also, the qualitative findings analyzed by MAXQDA software and finally Customer Brand Engagement paradigm model explained. The findings of the research show that to engage customers, five dimensions should be taken into consideration: "social media capabilities", "traditional media capabilities", "integration of social and traditional media capabilities", "Customer involvement with Brand" and "Customer participation with Brand". Also, customer satisfaction, trust, commitment, loyalty and attachment to brand are Consequences of CBE and Brand managers can strengthen this important construct and take advantage by focusing on antecedents and dimensions of Customer Brand Engagement.

Keywords


جلالی، ر. (1391). نمونه­گیری در پژوهش­های کیفی. تحقیقات کیفی در علوم سلامت، (4)1، 320-310.
حسین پور، ا. باقری، ق. ا. علیدوست قهفرخی، ا. امیری، م و همکاران. (1397). طراحی مدل ایمنی در ورزش (با کاربرد نظریه داده بنیاد). مجله سلامت کار ایران، (4)15، 49-34.
قاسمیان صاحبی، ع. مشبکی اصفهانی، ا. و خداداد حسینی، س. ح. (1397). بررسی وفاداری به برند از طریق عجین شدن مشتری در جوامع برند آنلاین (موردمطالعه: کاربران اینستاگرام). مدیریت برند. (1)5، 34-13.
کرسول، ج. (1391). پویش کیفی و طرح پژوهش انتخاب از میان پنج رویکرد (روایت پژوهی، پدیدارشناسی، نظریه داده بنیاد، قوم نگاری، مطالعه موردی). ترجمه، دانایی فرد، ح، و کاظمی، ح. تهران: صفار.
مقدم، ا. کمالیان، ا. ر. اورعی یزدانی، ب و همکاران (1395). تبیین و طراحی الگوی مدیریت منابع انسانی کارآفرینانه: رویکرد داده بنیاد (مطالعه‌ای در صنعت برق، گروه شرکت‌های ایران ترانسفو). بهبود مدیریت، (34)10، 157-123.
نجیب‌زاده، آ؛ و اسکندری، ح. (1396). تحلیل روایت: روش‌های نو در تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ی روایی. فصلنامه اندازه­گیری تربیتی. (30)8، 133-107.
نوری خان یوردی، م، کلاته، م. (1396). طراحی مدل برند آفرینی شهری ورزشی با رویکرد نظریه داده بنیاد. مدیریت برند. (2)4، 106-69.
Ainin, S. Parveen, F. Moghavvemi, S. Jaafar, N. I. & Mohd Shuib, N. L. (2015). Factors influencing
      the use of social media by SMEs and its performance outcomes. Industrial Management & Data
      Systems, 115(3), 570–588.
Aluri, A. Slevitch, L. & Larzelere, R. (2015). The effectiveness of embedded social media on hotel
     websites and the importance of social interactions and return on engagement. International Journal
     of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(4), 670–689.
Arora, P. & Predmore, C. E. (2013). Social media as a strategic tool: Going beyond the obvious. In
      Social media in strategic management (pp. 115–127). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Bernard, M. (2016). The impact of social media on the B2B CMO. Journal of Business & Industrial
      Marketing, 31(8), 955–960.
Bolat, E. Kooli, K. & Wright, L. T. (2016). Businesses and mobile social media capability. Journal of
      Business & Industrial Marketing, 31(8), 971–981.
 Bolton, R. N. Parasuraman, A. Hoefnagels, A. et al. (2013). Understanding Generation Y and their
      use of social media: A review and research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 24(3), 245–
     267.
Bretherton, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth.
      Developmental Psychology, 28(5), 759.
Brodie, R. J. Hollebeek, L. D. Jurić, B. & Ilić, A. (2011). Customer engagement: conceptual domain,
      fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–
      271.
Brodie, R. J. Ilic, A. Juric, B. & Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand
      community: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 105–114.
Calder, B. J. Malthouse, E. C. & Schaedel, U. (2009). An experimental study of the relationship
      between online engagement and advertising effectiveness. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 23(4),
      321–331.
Charmaz, K. & Keller, R. (2016). A Personal Journey with Grounded Theory Methodology. Kathy
      Charmaz in Conversation With Reiner Keller. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum:
      Qualitative Social Research, 17(1).
Creswell, J. W. & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into Practice,
      39(3), 124–130.
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches.
Danaee Fard, H. & Kazemi, H. Trans. (2nd ed, C2007). Tehran: Saffar. (In Persian)
Dagger, T. S. Sweeney, J. C. & Johnson, L. W. (2007). A hierarchical model of health service quality:
 Scale development and investigation of an integrated model. Journal of Service Research, 10(2),
     123–142.
Delgado‐Ballester. E. & Munuera‐Alemán, J. L. (2001). Brand trust in the context of consumer loyalty.
      European Journal of Marketing, 35(11/12), 1238–1258.
De Vries, L. Gensler, S. & Leeflang, P. S. (2012). Popularity of brand posts on brand fan pages: An
      investigation of the effects of social media marketing. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2), 83–
     91.
Dwivedi, A. (2015). A higher-order model of consumer brand engagement and its impact on loyalty
      intentions. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 24, 100–109.
Esch, F. R. Langner, T. Schmitt, B. H. & Geus, P. (2006). Are brands forever? How brand knowledge
      and relationships affect current and future purchases. Journal of Product & Brand Management,
      15(2), 98–105.
Evans, D. (2010). Social Media Marketing: The Next Generation of Business Engagement (Online e-
     book). John Wiley & Sons.
Ghasemian Sahebi, A. Moshabbaki Esfehani, A. & Khodadad Hosseini, S. H. (2018). Investigating
      Brand Loyalty through Customer Engagement in Online Brand Communities (Case Study:
      Instagram Users). Brand Management, 5(1), 13-34. (In Persian)
Gayo-Avello, H. S. Peter Gloor, D. Schoen, H, et al. (2013). The power of prediction with social media.
      Internet Research, 23(5), 528–543.
Glaser, B. G. & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative
     Research (Reprinted 2006). Aldine.
Harrigan, P. Evers, U. Miles, M. & Daly, T. (2017). Customer engagement with tourism social media
      brands. Tourism Management, 59, 597–609.
Hanna, R. Rohm, A. & Crittenden, V. L. (2011). We’re all connected: The power of the social media
      ecosystem. Business Horizons, 54(3), 265–273.
Harris, L. & Rae, A. (2009). Social networks: The future of marketing for small business. Journal of
     Business Strategy, 30(5), 24–31.
Hollebeek, L. D. (2011). Demystifying customer brand engagement: Exploring the loyalty nexus.
      Journal of Marketing Management, 27(7–8), 785–807.
Hudson, R. & Hudson, S. (2013). Engaging with consumers using social media: A case study of music
     festivals. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 4(3), 206–223.
Hosseinpour, E. Bagheri, G. Ali dost ghahfarokhi, et al. (2018). Designing Safety model in Sports
      (Using Grounded Theory). Iran Occupational Health, 15 (4), 34-49. (In Persian)
Jalali, R. (2013). Qualitative research sampling. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences.
      1(4), 310-320. (In Persian)
Jiménez, F. R. & Voss, K. E. (2014). An Alternative Approach to the Measurement of Emotional
      Attachment. Psychology & Marketing, 31(5), 360–370.
Jones, M. (2011). Guiding the Use of Grounded Theory in Doctoral Studies – An Example from the
      Australian Film Industry. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 6, 095–114.
Johnson, M. D, & Fornell, C. (1991). A framework for comparing customer satisfaction across
      individuals and product categories. Journal of Economic Psychology, 12(2), 267–286.
Khalili‌Shojaei, V. Khodadad‌Hoseinie, S. H. & Ahmadi, P. (2011). Conceptualization of Integrated
      Brand Engagement (IBE) Grounded Theory Strategy: A Case Study of Iran Automobile Industry.
      Research in Humanities, 71(18), 133–150.
Kaplan, A. M. & Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of
     Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59–68.
Kirtiş, A. K. & Karahan, F. (2011). To be or not to be in social media arena as the most cost-efficient
      marketing strategy after the global recession. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 260–
     268.
McCann, M. & Barlow, A. (2015). Use and measurement of social media for SMEs. Journal of Small
      Business and Enterprise Development, 22(2), 273–287.
Mangold, W. G. & Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix.
      Business Horizons, 52(4), 357–365.
Moghadam, A., Kamalian., A, & Oraei Yazadni., B D, et al. (2017). Explaining and designing an
      entrepreneurial human resource management model: Grounded theory approach (A study power
      Industry, Iran Transfo Corporation). Journal of Improvement Management. 10(34), 123-157. (In
      Persian)
NajibZadeh, A. & Eskandari, H. (2017). Narrative Analysis: New Approaches to Narrative Data
     Analysis.8(30), 107-133. (In Persian)
Noori Khaan Yoordi, M. & Kalateh, M. (2017). Designing a Sport Urban Brand Creation Model Using
      the Data Theory Approach. Brand management. 4(2), 69- 106. (In Persian)
Okazaki, S. & Taylor, C. R. (2013). Social media and international advertising: Theoretical challenges
      and future directions. International Marketing Review, 30(1), 56–71.
Peters, K. Chen, Y. Kaplan, A. M. et al. (2013). Social media metrics—A framework and guidelines
      for managing social media. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), 281–298.
Proksch, M. Orth, U. R. & Bethge, F. (2013). Disentangling the influence of attachment anxiety and
     attachment security in consumer formation of attachments to brands. Journal of Consumer
      Behaviour, 12(4), 318–326.
Rather, R. A. (2019). Consequences of Consumer Engagement in Service Marketing: An Empirical
      Exploration. Journal of Global Marketing, 32(2), 116–135.
Rietveld, R. van Dolen, W. Mazloom, M. & Worring, M. (2020). What You Feel, Is What You Like
      Influence of Message Appeals on Customer Engagement on Instagram. Journal of Interactive
      Marketing, 49, 20–53.
Roman, D. J. Osinski, M. & Erdmann, R. H. (2016). The construction process of Grounded Theory in
      administration. Contaduría y Administración, 62(3), 985–1000.
Rupšienė, L. & Pranskuniene, R. (2010). The Variety of Grounded Theory: Different Versions of the
      Same Method or Different Methods? Social Sciences, 4(70).
Sashi, C. M. (2012). Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media. Management
      Decision, 50(2), 253–272.
Simon, F. & Tossan, V. (2018). Does brand-consumer social sharing matter? A relational framework
     of customer engagement to brand-hosted social media. Journal of Business Research, 85, 175–184.
Tsimonis, G. & Dimitriadis, S. (2014). Brand strategies in social media. Marketing Intelligence &
      Planning, 32(3), 328–344.
So, K. K. F. King, C. & Sparks, B. (2014). Customer Engagement With Tourism Brands: Scale
     Development and Validation. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 38(3), 304–329.
Tat Keh, H. & Wei Teo, C. (2001). Retail customers as partial employees in service provision: A
      conceptual framework. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 29(8), 370–378.
Theng So, J. Grant Parsons, A. & Yap, S.-F. (2013). Corporate branding, emotional attachment and
      brand loyalty: The case of luxury fashion branding. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management:
      An International Journal, 17(4), 403–423.
Thompson, C. McCaughan, D. Cullum, N. Sheldon, T. A. & Raynor, P. (2004). Increasing the
     visibility of coding decisions in team-based qualitative research in nursing. International Journal of
     Nursing Studies, 41(1), 15–20.
Vlachos, P. A. (2012). Corporate social performance and consumer-retailer emotional attachment: The
      moderating role of individual traits. European Journal of Marketing, 46(11/12), 1559–1580.
Verhoef, P. C. Reinartz, W. J. & Krafft, M. (2010). Customer engagement as a new perspective in
     customer management. Journal of Service Research, 13(3), 247–252.
Vivek, S. D. Beatty, S. E. & Morgan, R. M. (2012). Customer engagement: Exploring customer
      relationships beyond purchase. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(2), 122–146.
Wang, R. Kim, J. Xiao, A. & Jung, Y. J. (2017). Networked narratives on Humans of New York: A
      content analysis of social media engagement on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 66, 149–
      153.
Weinberg, B. D. & Pehlivan, E. (2011). Social spending: Managing the social media mix. Business
      Horizons, 54(3), 275–282.
Zhou, Z. Zhang, Q. Su, C. & Zhou, N. (2012). How do brand communities generate brand
      relationships? Intermediate mechanisms. Journal of Business Research, 65(7), 890–895.